Understanding the Resistance Towards Apple Pay among Malaysians DOI: https://doi.org/10.33093/ijomfa.2024.5.2.6
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study investigates the resistance towards Apple Pay among Malaysians. The research is supported by the Innovation Resistance Model (IRT), which offers a comprehensive framework to understand and analyze the factors that impede the acceptance and usage of technological innovations. The study utilizes a quantitative approach, employing a questionnaire survey to collect data from a sample of Malaysian consumers. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) is utilized for data analysis. The findings shed light on the specific barriers that Malaysians encounter when considering the adoption of Apple Pay, including the usage barrier, value barrier, risk barrier, tradition barrier, and image barrier. The results provide insights into the underlying reasons behind resistance towards Apple Pay and contribute to the existing body of knowledge on mobile payment adoption. The study's implications offer valuable recommendations for businesses, policymakers, and other stakeholders seeking to promote the wider acceptance and adoption of Apple Pay in the Malaysian context. By addressing these barriers, it is possible to foster trust, enhance user experience, and facilitate the integration of Apple Pay into the everyday lives of Malaysians, thereby transforming the landscape of mobile payments in the country.
Article Details
References
Aransyah, M. F., Roy, J., & Aprianti, Y. (2020). Innovation resistance and perceive novelty on e-wallet services. Proceeding Miceb (Mulawarman International Conference on Economics and Business), 2(6), 115-122.
Arnold, D. M., Burns, K. E. A., Adhikari, N. K. J., Kho, M. E., Meade, M. O., & Cook, D. J. (2009). The design and interpretation of pilot trials in clinical research in critical care. Critical Care Medicine, 37(Supplement), S69–S74. https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181920e33
Amoroso, L.D. & Watanabe, R. (2012). Building a research model for mobile wallet consumer adoption: the case of mobile Suica in Japan. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 7 (1), 94-110.
Bagla, R. K., & Sancheti, V. (2018). Gaps in customer satisfaction with digital wallets: challenge for sustainability. Journal of Management Development, 37 (6), 442–451. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-04-2017-0144
Chen, C., Chang, C., & Hsiao, K. (2022). Exploring the factors of using mobile ticketing applications: Perspectives from innovation resistance theory. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 67, 102974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.102974
Cheng, S., Cheong, M., Lee, J., Lim, J. W. M., & Mok, W. K. (2018). Curbs on modern technology: barriers of resistance towards e-wallet in Malaysia. http://eprints.utar.edu.my/3073/
Chung, K. H., & Liang, S. W. (2020). Understanding Factors Affecting Innovation Resistance of Mobile Payments in Taiwan: An Integrative Perspective. Mathematics, 8(10), 1841. https://doi.org/10.3390/math8101841
Ciupac-Ulici, M-L, Beju, G., & Vasile, B. & Gianluca, Z. (2022). Which Factors Contribute to the Global Expansion of M-Commerce?. Electronics. 12. 197. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010197
Clover (2023). Build with Android NFC. https://docs.clover.com/docs/building-with-android-nfc#
Cornescu, V., & Adam, C.-R. (2013). The Consumer Resistance Behavior towards Innovation. Procedia. Economics and Finance, 6, 457–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(13)00163-9
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, And Mixed Methods Approaches 4 edition. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc. https://library.umw.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=1755&keywords=
Cronbach, L. J., & Shavelson, R. J. (2004). My current thoughts on coefficient alpha and successor procedures. SAGE Journals, 64(3), 391–418. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164404266386
Dotzauer, K., & Haiss, F. (2017). Barriers towards the adoption of mobile payment services : An empirical investigation of consumer resistance in the context of Germany. DIVA. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-55360
Elbadrawy, R., & Aziz, R. A. (2011). Resistance to mobile banking adoption in Egypt: A cultural perspective. International Journal of Managing Information Technology, 3(4), 9-21.
Eriksson, N., Gökhan, A., & Stenius, M. (2021). A qualitative study of consumer resistance to mobile payments for in-store purchases. Procedia Computer Science, 181, 634–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.212
Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2009). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (7th ed) Upper Salldle River: Perarson Education.
Hinkin, T. R. (1995). A review of scale development practices in the study of organizations. Journal of Management, 21(5), 967–988.
Hollington, J. & Bizzaco., M (April 14, 2024). What is NFC? How it works and what you can do with it? https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/what-is-nfc/
Hong, Y. H., & Chang, R. (2013). To click or not to click? A study of the innovation resistance of political emails. Chinese Journal of Communication, 6(3), 305-324.
Kaur, P., Dhir, A., Singh, N., Sahu, G. P., & Almotairi, M. (2020). An innovation resistance theory perspective on mobile payment solutions. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 55, 102059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102059
Khan, K., & Kim, H. (2009). Factors affecting consumer resistance to innovation-A study of Smartphones. Mémoire de Mastere en administration des affaires, Jonkoping International Business School, Jonkoping.
Kleijnen, M., Lee, N., & Wetzels, M. (2009). An exploration of consumer resistance to innovation and its antecedents. Journal of Economic Psychology, 30(3), 344–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2009.02.004
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principle and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford
Kriegel, J. (2021, November 3). From Alternative To Mainstream: Trends In Digital Payments. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesbusinesscouncil/2021/11/03/from-alternative-to-mainstream-trends-in-digital-payments/?sh=3fbf0e916f0f
Kumar, S., & Chawla, S. (2023). Investigating Barriers Contributing to the Nonadoption of Mobile Payment from Non-users’ Perspective: Insights Based on SEM-ANN Analysis. Global Business Review, 0(0). https://doi.org/ 10.1177/09721509231177488
Laukkanen, T. (2016). Consumer adoption versus rejection decisions in seemingly similar service innovations: The case of the Internet and mobile banking. Journal of Business Research, 69(7), 2432–2439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.01.013
Laukkanen, T., Sinkkonen, S., & Laukkanen, P. (2009). Communication strategies to overcome functional and psychological resistance to Internet banking. International Journal of Information Management, 29(2), 111–118.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2008.05.008
Laukkanen, T., Sinkkonen, S., Kivijarvi, M., & Laukkanen, P. (2007). Innovation resistance among mature consumers. Journal of consumer marketing, 24(7), 419-427.
Lian, J. W., Liu, H. M., & Liu, I. L. (2012). Applying innovation resistance theory to understand user acceptance of online shopping: The moderating effect of different product types. Computer Technology and Application, 3(2), 188-193.
Lian, J.-W., & Yen, D. C. (2014). Online shopping drivers and barriers for older adults: Age and gender differences. Computers in Human Behavior, 37, 133–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.028
Low, K. O. (2016). Factor Affecting Consumer Resistance to Paypal Mobile Payment Adoption: A Study of Generation X Consumers. http://eprints.utar.edu.my/2427/
Malarvizhi, C. A., Al Mamun, A., Jayashree, S., Naznen, F., & Abir, T. (2022). Predicting the intention and adoption of near Field Communication Mobile Payment. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.870793
Mann, C.J. (2003) Observational Research Methods. Research Design II: Cohort, Cross Sectional, and Case-Control Studies. Emergency Medicine Journal, 20, 54-60.https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.20.1.54
Mcleod, S. (2019). Likert Scale Definition, Examples and Analysis. McLeod, S. A. (2019). Likert Scale Definition, Examples and Analysis. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/likert-scale.html
Mehta, I. (2022, August 10). Apple pay launches in Malaysia. TechCrunch. Retrieved from https://techcrunch.com/2022/08/10/apple-pay-launches-in-malaysia/?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAKBQ3W5PJjwIv64IjgLOkyhNVF3lN-MyzwtrkVum4WKsKLFWSuPAFBANA5mZ4K_skeRWYnjN_vvgny41ywwsvX_zZyBIykBZ4j2E2Zi0MmaWwdw973lOO3kQbJR89pGZO2puBPQkiPoo2pade52BE_MfajLrrPtA6ZUzzPpK_VQ1
Moorthy, K., Ling, C. N., Fatt, Y. W., Yee, C. Y., Yin, E. T. S., Yee, K. S., & Wei, L. S. (2017). Barriers of Mobile Commerce Adoption Intention: Perceptions of Generation X in Malaysia. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 12(2), 37–53. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-18762017000200004
Musyaffi, A. M., Johari, R. J., Rosnidah, I., Sari, D. R. T., Amal, M. I., Tasyrifania, I., Pertiwia, S. A., & Sutanti, F. (2021). Digital Payment During Pandemic: An Extension of The Unified Model of QR Code. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 10(6), 213. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0166
Mweshi, G. K., & Sakyi, K. A. (2020). Application of sampling methods for the research design. Archives of Business Research, 8(11), 180–193. https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.811.9042
Ng, I. O., & Wakenshaw, S. Y. L. (2017). The Internet-of-Things: Review and research directions. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 34(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2016.11.003
Noreen, M., Ghazali, Z., & Mia, M. S. (2021). The Impact of Perceived Risk and Trust on Adoption of Mobile Money Services: An Empirical Study in Pakistan. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(6), 347–355. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no6.0347
Omsan (2023). 5 Famous E-Wallet in Malaysia in 2023. https://omsanmarketing.com/5-famous-e-wallet-in-malaysia-in-2023/
Peng, H. X., Xu, X. H., & Liu, W. D. (2011). Drivers and barriers in the acceptance of mobile payment in China. Communications in Information Science and Management Engineering, 1(5), 73-78.
Pickering, D., & Blaszczynski, A. (2021). Paid online convenience samples in gambling studies: questionable data quality. International Gambling Studies, 21(3), 516–536. https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2021.1884735
Ram, S. & Seth, J. N. (1989). Consumer Resistance to Innovations: The Marketing Problem and Its Solutions. Journal of Consumer Marketing 6 (2).
Sang, N. M., (2024). Examining the adoption of Apple Pay among generation Z in Vietnam. Banks and Bank Systems, 19(1), 34-47. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.19(1).2024.04
Schober, P., Boer, C., & Schwarte, L. (2018). Correlation Coefficients: Appropriate Use and Interpretation. Anesth Analg. 126(5), 1763-1768. https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0000000000002864
Slade, E. L., Williams, M., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Piercy, N. (2014). Exploring consumer adoption of proximity mobile payments. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 23(3), 209–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254x.2014.914075
Soh, P. Y., Heng, H. L., Selvachandran, G., Anh, L. D., Chau, H. M., Son, L. H., Abdel-Baset, M., Manogaran, G., & Varatharajan, R. (2020). Perception, acceptance and willingness of older adults in Malaysia towards online shopping: a study using the UTAUT and IRT models. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-01718-4
StatCounter (2023). Mobile Operating System Market Share Malaysia | Statcounter Global Stats. StatCounter Global Stats. https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/mobile/malaysia
Statista.com (2023). Apple Pay usage either for online payments or at POS in various countries worldwide as of April 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1264671/global-apple-pay-adoption/
Talwar, S., Dhir, A., Kaur, P., & Mantymaki, M. (2020). Barriers toward purchasing from online travel agencies. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 89, 102593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102593
Talwar, S., Dhir, A., Scuotto, V., & Kaur, P. (2021). Barriers and paradoxical recommendation behaviour in online to offline (O2O) services. A convergent mixed-method study. Journal of Business Research, 131, 25–39.
Tang, Z., & Chen, L. (2021). Understanding seller resistance to digital device recycling platform: An innovation resistance perspective. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 51, 101114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2021.101114
Thabane, L., Ma, J., Chu, R., Cheng, J., Ismaila, A. S., Rios, L. P., Robson, R., Thabane, M., Giangregorio, L., & Goldsmith, C. H. (2010). A tutorial on pilot studies: the what, why and how. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-10-1
Trivedi, J. P. (2016). Factors Determining the Acceptance of E-Wallet. International Journal of Applied Marketing and Management, 1(2), 42–53. http://www.i-scholar.in/index.php/IJAMM/article/view/133515
Verma, A., Chakraborty, D., & Meenakshi Verma, M. (2023). Barriers of food delivery applications: A perspective from innovation resistance theory using mixed method, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Volume 73, 103369, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103369
Yu, C. & Chantatub, W. (2016). Consumers’ resistance to using mobile banking: evidence from Thailand and Taiwan. International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies, 7, 21-38.