As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission's compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.

• The submission has not been previously published, nor is it before another journal for consideration (or an explanation has been provided in Comments to the Editor).
• The text adheres to the stylistic and bibliographic requirements outlined in the Author Guidelines (Style Guide).
• Authors must provide an Acknowledge and Funding Information for each article. Articles written without funding may state: 'The authors received no funding from any party for the research and publication of this
  article.'
• Upon the acceptance of publication, authors must consent to assign the copyright in the article to MMU Press, Multimedia University (registered as Universiti Telekom Sdn Bhd).
• The corresponding author should ensure all co-authors have agreed to the manuscript submission for publication. Authors are obliged to participate in the peer review process and cooperate fully by responding to editors’ requests.
• At the time of the submission of the manuscript, all authors must consent to publishing the article under an irrevocable Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
• Authors should ensure that they have written and submitted entirely original work. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behaviour and is not acceptable. All manuscripts submitted are checked for plagiarism and AI writing. Manuscripts with a similarity index in TurnItin software of more than 10% and/or AI writing more than zero will be rejected.
• When authors encounter significant errors in their own published work, it is their obligation to notify the journal’s editors and cooperate with them to amend the paper.