The Application of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
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Abstract
Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES) integrate solar, wind, and other renewable energy to deliver more sustainable, dependable, and affordable energy for rural, urban, and industrial areas. Based on 20 articles/journal from 2020–2025 that were taken from Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, and Scopus, this paper evaluates HRES applications, technologies, barriers, and future development. Storage will increase to 204.47 GW, when solar and wind power dominate with capacities increased by 937% and 118% throughout 2014 to 2020. Optimization tools like HOMER Pro and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) can reach up to 1.10% error in energy predictions. HRES can reduce costs and emissions by 86% (solar) and 61% (wind) by prioritizing renewable energies usage. Regulatory loopholes, intermittency, and high initial costs are some of the challenges in the application of HRES. MATLAB visualizations show capacity trends and cost reductions, which supports economic viability. Examples that demonstrate sustainability and highlight reliability include mining activities in Iran and microgrids in Makkovik, Canada. This paper identifies HRES based on the literature, AI, IoT, and policy incentives. Future advancements must go beyond technical constrains and standardize regulations to scale HRES for global energy transformations, smart cities, mining industries, and resilient communities.
Manuscript received: 16 Jun 2025 | Revised: 29 Jul 2025 | Accepted: 10 Aug 2025 | Published: 30 Nov 2025
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