The Growing Crisis of Child Labour in Bangladesh: A Focus on the Vehicle Sector and Legal Frameworks
Main Article Content
Abstract
The primary objective of this paper is to analyse the underlying reasons for the increase in child labour within the local vehicle sector, particularly in Leguna, and to identify potential strategies for its prevention. Child labour represents a critical issue that demands urgent attention and action. This study highlights the growth of child labour in a developing nation such as Bangladesh and examines its multifaceted impact on society, including both its advantageous and adverse effects. The rise in child labour can be attributed to factors such as poverty, the COVID-19 pandemic, and various other obstacles. This research reveals that the earnings of child workers in Bangladesh’s transportation industry are significantly lower than those of adult workers, and nearly all children are employed informally. Herein, a policy change that involves equal collaboration between the government and NGOs, providing alternative income opportunities and awareness programs, would be ideal. This gap has been left open regarding the practical enforcement aspects of child laws in Bangladesh. It is recommended that administrative systems be held accountable for protecting rights and aligning judicial interpretation with modern times.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Ahmad, R. (2024). BBS Survey: 1.78M children engage in child labour in Bangladesh. Dhaka Tribune. https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/341837/bbs-1.78m-children-engage-in-child-labour
Al-Zaman, M. S. (2020). Healthcare Crises in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 103(4). https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0826
Ali, I. (2024, March 7). 30000 illegal leguna, expired gas cylinders pose threat to city lives. The Daily Messenger. https://www.dailymessenger.net/bangladesh/news/14707
Basu, K. (1999). Child Labor: Cause, Consequence, and Cure, with Remarks on International Labor Standards. Journal of Economic Literature, 37(3), 1083-1119. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.37.3.1083
Bhuiyan, M. S. A. (2020). Covid-19 and its impact on Bangladesh economy. The Business Standard. https://www.tbsnews.net/thoughts/covid-19-and-its-impact-bangladesh-economy-69541
Gharaibeh, M., & Hoeman, S. (2003). Health hazards and risks for abuse among child labor in Jordan. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 18(2), 140-147. https://doi.org/10.1053/jpdn.2003.31
International Labour Organization, & United Nations Children's Fund. (2020). COVID-19 and Child Labour: A time of crisis, a time to act. ILO and UNICEF. https://www.ilo.org/publications/covid-19-and-child-labour-time-crisis-time-act
International Labour Organization, & United Nations Children's Fund. (2021). Child Labour: Global estimates 2020, trends and the road forward. ILO and UNICEF. https://www.ilo.org/publications/major-publications/child-labour-global-estimates-2020-trends-and-road-forward
International Labour Organization. (2025). ILO contributions to achieve SDG Target 8.7. https://www.ilo.org/topics-and-sectors/decent-work-and-2030-agenda-sustainable-development/sustainable-development-goal-8-decent-work-and-economic-growth/ilo-contributions-achieve-sdg-target-87
Islam, M. Z., & Rahman, M. M. (2015). Corporal punishment: The case of a child abuse by a Malaysian couple in Sweden. Advances in Environmental Biology, 9(17), 9-11. https://www.aensiweb.net/AENSIWEB/aeb/aeb/2015/Special%20IPN%20Langkawi%20(August)/9-11.pdf
Istiak, A. (2023). Childhood trapped in "leguna". The Daily Star. https://www.thedailystar.net/weekend-read/news/childhood-trapped-leguna-3312221
Julkarnayeen, M., Alam, M. N., Akter, M., Akter, T., & Manzoor-EKhoda. (2020). Governance challenges in tackling corona virus (Part II). Transparency International Bangladesh. https://www.ti-bangladesh.org/images/2020/report/covid-19/Covid_Res_Tracking2_ES_Eng.pdf
Khan, M. S. H., & Jannah, N. (2023). Provisional report: National child labour survey Bangladesh (NCLS) 2022. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), Statistics and Informatics Division (SID), Ministry of Planning, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. https://file-mymensingh.portal.gov.bd/uploads/0c1550bb-e092-4d3b-b30c-5690cdb35b1c/64e/334/075/64e3340756466105836437.pdf
Mahmud, F. (2021). Leguna: The guilty pleasure of Dhaka's roads. The Business Standard. https://www.tbsnews.net/feature/panorama/leguna-guilty-pleasure-dhakas-roads-189784
Mandopi, K. (2016). Protection of the child from degrading treatment in tanzania: A critical assessment of the law and practice. Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities, 2(4), 70-85. https://www.aarcentre.com/ojs3/index.php/jaash/article/view/69
Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. (2010). National child labour elimination policy 2010: An official translation. https://mccibd.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/National-Child-Labour-Elimination-Policy-2010-English-Version.pdf
Ministry of Women and Children Affairs, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. (2011). National children policy 2011. https://childsocialprotection.gov.bd/public/upload/policy_files/202105240620National%20Children%20Policy%202011%20English.pdf
Poor children find Leguna job for living, edn. (2016, October 9). Daily Observer. https://www.observerbd.com/news/37480
Prothom Alo English Desk. (2023, 13 April). 800 children engaged in hazardous works receive education with Educo support. Prothom Alo. https://en.prothomalo.com/youth/education/3i3e5hryb4
Quattri, M., & Watkins, K. (2019). Child labour and education: A survey of slum settlements in Dhaka (Bangladesh). World Development Perspectives, 13, 50-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2019.02.005
Reza, M. H., Kalimuthu, K. R., & Yasmin, N. (2019). Child labor scenario of Bangladesh: Some recommendations about to ban the child labor. Global Journal of Emerging Sciences, 1(3), 277-287. https://www.academia.edu/40631443/Child_Labor_Scenario_of_Bangladesh_Some_Recommendations_About_to_Ban_the_Child_Labor
Road accidents kill 21 people a day: BJKS. (2023, October 21). The Daily Star. https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/accidents-fires/news/road-accidents-kill-21-people-day-bjks-3449016
Transparency International Bangladesh. (2022). Governance challenges in tackling COVID-19 crisis: Inclusion and transparency. https://www.ti-bangladesh.org/images/2021/report/COVID-19_Response_ES_English_12042022.pdf
UNICEF (2020, 11 June). COVID-19 may push millions more children into child labour--ILO and UNICEF: Child labour down by 94 million since 2000, a gain now under threat. https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/covid-19-may-push-millions-more-children-child-labour-ilo-and-unicef
UNICEF, (2021, 11 June). Child labour rises to 160 million--First increase in two decades: The International Labour Organization and UNICEF warn 9 million additional children at risk as a result of COVID-19 pandemic. https://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/en/press-releases/child-labour-rises-160-million-first-increase-two-decades
UNICEF. (2022, September). COVID-19 and children. https://data.unicef.org/covid-19-and-children/
United Nations Children's Fund & United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2021). Situation analysis on the effects of and responses to COVID-19 on the education sector in Asia: Regional synthesis report. https://www.unicef.org/rosa/reports/situation-analysis-effects-and-responses-covid-19-education-sector-asia
Wadud, M. (2018, 21 May). Leguna, designed for accidents? Prothom Alo. https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/Leguna-designed-for-accidents
Zaman, S., Matin, S., & Kibria, A. M. B. G. (n.d.). A study on present scenario of child labour in Bangladesh. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(6), 25-36. https://doi.org/10.9790/487x-16632536
Zohir, S., Dutta, S., Rahman, S., & Khan, W. A. (2024). Child labour and schooling in Bangladesh: Insights from data and evidence. Economic Research Group; UNICEF Innocenti--Global Office of Research and Foresight. https://www.unicef.org/innocenti/media/9341/file/UNICEF-Innocenti-Child-labour-schooling-report-2024.pdf